How to make a bathing soap with simple amount of chemicals/ingredients?

what are the basic raw material or chemicals involved in making a bathing soap/liquid bathing soap?How to make a bathing soap with simple amount of chemicals/ingredients?
fat and lyeHow to make a bathing soap with simple amount of chemicals/ingredients?
You need fat, lye, and water at a minimum. Mixed in proper proportions and at the right temperatures, this will get you soap. Now, if you want your soap to have some color and fragrance you'll have to add that as well. It is extremely important to use the correct amounts of fat and lye. These are easliy determined for most any type of fat by ';lye calculators'; which are abundantly found for free online. You can find both a good quality ';lye calculator'; where you can brew up your own recipe, as well as recipes all ready to go at a great site called thesage.com They also sell most everything you need to make the soap. I shop there all the time. Best of luck to you, this is an addictive hobby. None of my friends or family has used 'storebought' soap in years! You will love the difference and your skin will thank you!
Vegetable oil and lye (you can buy it at any hardware or grocery store-- it's used to unclog drains). Heat both to 60-80 degrees Celsius before mixing. Neutralize the pH with muriatic acid.





I don't think you'd want to use this on your body, though...
Cold process is a method of making soap (saponification) which does not require use an external heat source to force the saponification process to begin. (Heat is often still applied in order to melt fats or oils that are solid at room temperature and to speed the reaction.) For this reason, this process is often used by soapers, or home soapmakers. Lye, either sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, is mixed with an appropriate amount of fats and/or oils to start the saponification process that leads to soap.





Once the lye solution has cooled to approximately the same temperature as the oils, the two are combined and stirred. A stick blender is often used to speed this process. The two thin, clear substances become cloudy and begin to thicken. Soapmakers refer to the thickening process as ';tracing';. Often, tracing can occur very suddenly: after many minutes of stirring, the mixture can turn to the consistency of pudding in a matter of seconds.





Essential oils, herbs, and fragrances are added at ';light trace'; (just as the mixture starts to thicken) to minimize the lye's neutralizing effect. Soap is then poured into molds and allowed to harden overnight. While the soap hardens, it's normal for it to go through a ';gel phase'; where the opaque soap will turn clear (like glycerine soap) for several hours prior to turning opaque again. The soap will continue to give off heat for up to many hours after trace.





The soap is hard and can be removed from the moulds after typically 48 hours, but it should be allowed to cure for a few weeks to allow excess moisture to evaporate. Contrary to popular belief, perpetuated in several popular crafting books, the soap is perfectly safe to use before curing鈥攏o excess lye will be present if the soap was properly formulated.





This process lets the chemicals do the work. For successful cold-process soapmaking, one needs to be able to measure the exact amount of lye to be used and know the saponification values of the oils in the soap. Excess unreacted lye in the soap results in a very high pH and will burn your skin. Not enough lye, and your soap is a greasy mass of goo. Most soapmakers formulate their recipes to react all of the lye and to leave about 3-10% of the fat unreacted.














Glycerin Soaps are soaps that contain glycerin, a natural part of fat or oil.





The soap making process involves the rendering of fat or oil, with lye. In industrial soap making, the glycerin is then usually removed, for use in more expensive skin care products such as moisturizers. Home-made soaps usually contain glycerin, which avoids dry skin problems.





Glycerin obtained from soap making can also be used to create Nitroglycerin, a chemical compound found in many high explosives, as shown in Fight Club.